1. Full name: Pham Van Manh                                        2. Sex: Male

3. Date of birth: 10/10/1984                                            4. Place of birth: Ha Noi

5. Admission decision number: 4860/QĐ-KHTN dated on November 24, 2014 of Rector of VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi.

6. Changes in academic process: Decision to extend the training period No. 596/QĐ-ĐHKHTN dated on March 6, 2018; No. 4209/QĐ-ĐHKHTN dated on December 14, 2018 of the VNU University of Science and Decision to return the PhD student No. 2517/QĐ-ĐHKHTN dated on August 21, 2020.

7. Official thesis title: Studying the effects of urbanization for conservation the World Cultural Heritage - the Complex of Hue Monuments using remote sensing and GIS techniques.

8. Major: Mapping, remote sensing and GIS                   9. Code: 9440211.01

10. Supervisors:            The principal supervisor: Assoc Prof. Dr. Pham Van Cu

                                    The second supervisor: Prof. Dr. Nguyen Ngoc Thach

11. Summary of the new findings of the thesis

            - The study presented an approach of integrative analysis on the current dataset to assess the risks to the heritage. The study combined natural factors, landscape measurement data, and social factors that directly impact the surrounding landscape of monuments into an integral analysis, serving for quantitative and qualitative assessment of urbanization's impact on the Outstanding Universal Value of World Cultural Heritage.

            - The area of research interest is the Complex of Hue Monuments, where LCLU has urban characteristics. The SVM (support vector machine) algorithm was used to integrate context information in the classification of high-resolution satellite images. The method resulted with high accuracy, the overall classification accuracies (OA) were estimated as 85,63 in 1986; 85.37% (1995), 85.52% (2000), 86.32% (2005), 87.57% (2011); 89.17% (2016); and 89.23% in 2020. While the Kappa (kappa coefficients) were 0.84 in 1968; 0.82 (1995); 0.83 (2000); 0.84 (2005); 0.85 (2011); 0.87 (2016); and 0.87 in 2020, respectively.

- This study proposed a novel analysis framework using spatial metrics   to measure the fragmentation, spatial structure, and urban expansion dynamics around the cultural heritages. Experiments showed that C1 (Largest Patch Index), C2 (Perimeter-Area Fractal Dimension), C3 (Disjunct Core Area Density) had significant impacts (weights) on risk output values C1 (0.472); C2 (0.115); C3 (0.202). This measurement method allows assessing fragmentation, measuring the structure of spatio-temporal and dynamics of urban expansion, habitat around the cultural heritages. These are the features taking effects on the OUV, which represents the integrity and the authenticity of the Complex of Huế Monuments.

- Over the course of 21 years (1995-2016), the spatial variation of the ROUV was considerable. Specifically, in 1995, the very low ROUV (26.29%) decreased to 19.89% in 2016, while the high ROUV sector increased significantly by 19.78% (1995), 23.74% (2016) and very high ROUV from 1.26% (1995) to 6.67% (2016).

- Based on the regulations for conservation boundaries of monuments recommended by UNESCO-ICOMOS and under the amended heritage law of Vietnam, a detailed analysis of ROUV in two regions, including (I) buffer zone, and (II) safeguarding zone of the cultural landscape was carried out. The results showed four monument sites strongly affected by urbanizationnamely M1 (Imperial City of Hue), M2 (Thien Mu Pagoda), M4 (Ho Quyen-Voi Re), and M6 (Dan Nam Giao).

12. Practical applicability, if any:

This study has primarily integrated physical features, spatial metrics, and social factors to perform quantitative assessments of risks for broad areas surrounding the cultural heritage, not just each individual building structure and its immediate locale. Even though limitations still exist, the successful implementation of the approach with current dataset for assessing heritage risk presented in this CHMs study can be replicated for other areas with similar characteristics.

13. Further research directions, if any:

The optimization of the proposed method is a new approach in cultural heritage conservation, as input datasets are freely collectible, and sequences of analysis are replicable for other places. The technique focuses on exploring the threat of urbanization, thephysical features opt to affect the the causes of the threat in estimating the aggregated risk values. The missing of specific hazard mechanisms such as flood and fire is the limitation of this study. In this regard, the inclusion of hazard susceptible maps as input might improve the analysis's correctness.

14. Thesis-related publications:

Van-Manh Pham, Son Van Nghiem, Cu Van Pham, Luu Thi Phuong Mai, Quang-Thanh Bui (2020), "Urbanization impact on landscape patterns in cultural heritage preservation sites: A case study of the Complex of Huế Monuments, Vietnam", Landscape Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-020-01189-0.

Pham Van Manh, Pham Minh Hai, Do Thi Ngoc Anh, Nguyen Ngoc Thach (2020), "Application of remote sensing method and morphological measurement in the influence of changing land cover and habitat fragmentation", Journal of Geodesy and Cartography, 46, pp.7-13.

Van-Manh Pham, Son Van Nghiem, Quang-Thanh Bui, Tam Minh Pham, Cu Van Pham (2019), "Quantitative assessment of urbanization and impacts in the Complex of Huế Monuments, Vietnam", Applied Geography, 112, 102096, pp.1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2019.102096.

Dinh Thi Dieu, Van-Manh Pham (2019), Studying Urban expansion and Landscape surrounding Monuments for Conservation the World Cultural Heritage in Huế city- View from GIS and Remote sensing, AUC 2019, Advances in 21st Century Human Settlements, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.2021, pp.317-331. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5608-1_25.

Pham Van Manh, Nguyen Ngoc Thach, Bui Quang Thanh, Pham Vu Dong, Pham Minh Hai (2019), "Impact of urban expansion to cultural heritage: the case study of the Complex of Hue Monuments", Journal of Geodesy and Cartography, 40, pp.34-41.

Pham Van Manh, Nguyen Ngoc Thach, Luu Thi Phuong Mai, Bui Quang Thanh, Pham Minh Tam, Pham Minh Hai (2019), "Quantifying the ecosystem service values in the context of urbanization sprawl based on remote sensing data and GIS: case study of Hue city in 1995-2018", Journal of Geodesy and Cartography, 39, pp.47-56.

Pham Van Manh, Pham Van Cu, Pham Ngoc Hai, Dinh Thi Dieu, Huynh Thi Anh Van, Luu Thi Phuong Mai (2016), "Conservation Management of the World Cultural Heritage Based on High Resolution Data of VNREDSat-1 Case of Hue, Central Vietnam", Modern Environmental Science and Engineering, Volume 2, No.8, pp.561-570. https://10.15341/mese(2333-2581)/08.02.2016/008.