This study investigated the status of arsenic (As) exposure from groundwater and rice, and its methylation capacity in residents from the Red River Delta, Vietnam. Arsenic levels in groundwater ranged from <1.8 to 486 μg/L. Remarkably, 86% of groundwater samples exceeded WHO drinking water guideline of 10 μg/L. Also, estimated inorganic As intake from groundwater and rice were over Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (15 μg/week/kg body wt.) by FAO/WHO for 92% of the residents examined. Inorganic As and its metabolite (monomethylarsonic acid and dimethylarsinic acid) concentrations in human urine were positively correlated with estimated inorganic As intake. These results suggest that residents in these areas are exposed to As through consumption of groundwater and rice, and potential health risk of As is of great concern for these people. Urinary concentration ratios of dimethylarsinic acid to monomethylarsonic acid in children were higher than those in adults, especially among men, indicating greater As methylation capacity in children. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Agusa T., Kunito T., Minh T.B., Kim Trang P.T., Iwata H., Viet P.H., Tanabe S.

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Từ khóa : Arsenic levels; Concentration ratios; Dimethylarsinic acids; Drinking waters; Human urine; Human urines; Monomethylarsonic acids; Potential healths; Red River Delta; Red river deltas; Rice; Vietnam; Alkylation; Body fluids; Grain (agricultural product); Groundwater; Health risks; Hydrogeology; Metabolites; Methylation; Potable water; Risk perception; Rivers; Underground reservoirs; Arsenic; arsenic; ground water; arsenic; child health; drinking water; Food and Agricultural Organization; food consumption; groundwater pollution; health risk; metabolite; methylation; pollution exposure; public health; rice; urine; World Health Organization; adolescent; adult; article; controlled study; dietary intake; exposure; female; health hazard; human; male; metabolite; methylation; rice; risk assessment; river ecosystem; Viet Nam; water sampling; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Arsenic; Diet; Environmental Monitoring; Female; Food Contamination; Humans; Male; Methylation; Oryza sativa; Risk Assessment; Rivers; Sex Factors; Vietnam; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Supply; Young Adult; Asia; Eurasia; Red River Delta; Southeast Asia; Viet Nam